Parts of Speech (Adjective-Basic to Advanced Levels)(NEB XI/XII)

What is an ADJECTIVE?: The adjective is one of the parts of speech that simply explains the additional trait of the noun. In addition, any word, phrase, or clause that modifies a noun or a pronoun is expounded as an adjective. For instance, I have a black marker. ( Black modifies the noun "Marker"). Adjectives are shapes like an oval portrait or a triangular room etc. It can be sized big, or small. Adjectives are conditions like happy fella, active router,  and trivial conduct. 

The general rules of the adjectives are: 

1 Adjective usually places in front of the noun they describe: the tall man, the black cat. 

2. When adjectives follow a linking verb, they are called predicative adjectives that modify the noun subject, but they are in the predicate of the sentence such as Agrata is lovely, Arjun looks handsome,  and the man appears too young.  

3. Adjectives have three forms depending on the number of nouns being described or compared. (positive, comparative, and superlative like tall taller, and tallest respectively. My student is angry. My student at SXC is angrier than yours. My student is the angriest person. 

4. Adjectives typically don’t have plural forms.  

5.  But only demonstrative adjectives like these and those can be written plural forms like these books are mine, those books are yours. 

6.  Adjectives describe color ( black and white), opinion (funny, wrong), size (immense,  tiny), age (young, modern, ancient), shape (round, triangular), origin (Nepali, Jhapali), material (synthetic, cotton), distance (far, near), temperature ( chill, cool), time (early, late), etc.

 Type of Adjectives:                                                                                                            

1. Qualitative: An adjective that describes the traits or characteristics of a person or object like I have a high mountain.  She desired the excellent position.                                                 

2.  Quantitative: A quantitative adjective is a word that changes a noun by indicating an amount or number like some much little all no, etc.

3. Demonstrative: An adjective that describes something or someone's precise location in space or time, such as this, that, these, and those.

 4. Interrogative: An adjective that modifies a noun or pronoun to pose a question is an interrogative adjective. What is your favorite color, for instance? Whose book is this? Which way should I save from my cunning friends?    

 5. Possessive: An adjective that describes the person in possession or ownership of a noun like Arjun misplaced his book" shows that the book belongs to Arjun. My, your, his, her, it, our, their, and whose are the most often used possessive adjectives.   

 6. Distributive:  It describes a group of people individually. Each, every, either, neither, etc.    7. Compound:  It does have two or more adjectives like duty-free, part-time, high-heel, open-minded, warm-bolded, etc. 

Advanced level of Adjectives

Adjective  Describes noun. Some irregular adjectives are given in the following table:

                                       

We can use adjectives:

1. Before noun

There are so many historical buildings.

It was well worth the trip, especially if you like local crafts.

b. After the following verbs: be, become, get, seem, appear, look, smell, taste, feel

The mosques in particular are very beautiful.

They always seem pleased to see you.

c. After find/make/keep + object

Work hard on your research if you want to make your trip enjoyable and rewarding.

I find the insects rather frightening.

d. With other adjectives or with other nouns to describe a noun.

a long, tiring boat ride. (Adj+adj+Noun+Noun) 

 The Order of Adjectives

-When we use adjectives together, we put words that express an opinion before words that describe the characteristics or types of what we are talking about: 

A beautiful Turkish carpet. (beautiful=opinion, Turkish=type: not a Turkish beautiful carpet.)

-We often use nouns as adjectives to add information about type:

The Nepali Textile Museum.

-When we use more than one adjective to describe characteristics or type, they usually follow this order:

Size__ Temperature___ Age__ Shape__ Color__ Nationality__ Material__ Type

in another way: The orders of the adjectives are:

First, determiner

Second, quantity

Third, opinion

Fourth, size

Fifth, age

Sixth, shape

Seventh, color

Eighth, the origin or material

Ninth, qualifier

And the tenth is the noun that is kept.

Indian silk embroidery

Small mountain village

Hot black coffee

A beautiful old round table.

Adjective ending in –ed and –ing

Some adjectives connected with feelings are formed from verbs and have two possible forms usually –ed or –ing e.g. tired/tiring. We use –ed forms to talk about how we feel:

I was fascinated to see the extraordinary range of patterns.

I was amazed at the variety of wonderful animals.

-we use –ing forms to describe the things or people that cause the feeling:

It’s an absolutely amazing city to visit.

Nepal is a fascinating country.

 Adjectives