Scientific Inquiry: Invention and Test by Carl G. Hempel
Author’s Bio
•
German author and philosopher Carl
Gustav "Peter" Hempel was born in Germany. He was a key figure in the
20th-century scientific philosophy movement known as logical empiricism. born
on January 8th, 1905 in Germany, and passed away in the USA in 1997. He was a
key figure in the 20th-century scientific philosophy movement known as logical
empiricism.
• The Deductive Nomological Model (DN model), sometimes referred to as Hempel's model, the Hempel-Oppenheim model, the Popper-Hempel model, or the covering law model, is a formal perspective on how to properly respond to why-related issues. The following chart illustrates the distinction between induction and deduction according to Hempel’s
Deduction.
–
All men are Mortal
–
Ravi is a man.
–
Ravi is Mortal
Induction
–
Frog 1 died at time t1...
–
Frog 2 died at time t2...
–
Frog 3 died at time t3...
• All Frogs are Mortal
Literal Comprehension
In this scientific essay, Hempel
describes Semmelweis' medical investigation into why pregnant women die from
childbed fever. Semmelweis conducted numerous tests to reduce the number of
women who died in the first maternity section.
When he entered the sick room, he also
forbade the priest from ringing the bell to offer the dying woman one last
apology. He also reduced the number of medical students, but his efforts were
ineffective. After one of his friends, Kolletchka, died from a minor wound, he
discovered the true cause of childbed fever. The medical students, indeed, would do a post-mortem and
without washing their hands properly took care of the women. Consequently,
women were infected by childbed fever.
Later, he ordered
them to wash their hands properly to maintain hand hygiene, which reduced the
number of women's deaths dramatically, reaching only one point two seven
percent, while the rate in the second division was higher, at 1.33%. He came to
the conclusion that childbed fever is the cause of decaying living organisms as
well as not washing hands.
Interpretation: The author of this essay may be attempting to convince us that scientific investigation requires a protracted process of developing hypotheses, testing them, and drawing conclusions. It is a sequential procedure that uses careful observation and critical thought carried out in the proper sequence to produce the desired result.
Critical Thinking: This article shows us that there are several issues facing the world today and that these issues will eventually find practical and trustworthy answers thanks to scientific research. There should be some guidelines or processes to take, though.
This essay also provided a technique of
thinking for identifying a problem's solution. People attempt to solve problems
as they arise, stubbornly.
Assimilation: Reading this piece brought back memories of the epidemic era in modern society. Of course, COVID-19 is a problem for us, but current scientific research and testing have led to a potential cure.