Unit:2 Invention (Setting limits, brainstorming, annotating, paraphrasing, plagiarism, free-writing ( (BA I, BBS II)

 Unit 2: Invention

The invention is also called prewriting which is the negated process in writing. During invention, you decide what to write about and gather information to support or explain what you want to say. To understand your assignment or work in writing, you have to know setting limits, which come under invention in the writing process.

Setting Limits:  When you know your assignment, you should understand the length, purpose, audience, and occasion and your own knowledge of the subject. They are discussed below:

a. Length: It is all about how much you are going to write like 250 words or 300 words etc

b. Purpose: what you are going to explain in your writing like to inform or to persuade or to express.

c. Audience: who your readers are after publishing your writing. Is your audience a group or an individual? Are you going to address a specialized or a general audience?

d. Occasion: it means in which context like Dashain or Teej or another context you are writing.

e. Knowledge: the writing you are going to write means how much knowledge you have on the given topic, how much knowledge the readers have on the given topic, etc.

What is Brainstorming? It is an inventive technique that can be done individually or in a group. When writers brainstorm on their own, they write quickly every fact or idea that relates to a particular topic. When they brainstorm in a group, they discuss a topic with others and write down useful ideas that come up.

What is Annotating? The technique of recording one’s responses to a reading selection by writing notes in the margins of the text. Annotating a text might involve asking questions, suggesting possible parallels with other selections or with the reader’s own experience, arguing with the writer’s points, commenting on the writer’s style, or defining unfamiliar terms or concepts.

 What are Parallelism and Paraphrasing? Parallelism means the use of similar grammatical elements within a sentence or sentence. “I like hiking, skiing, and to cook” is not parallel because hiking and skiing are gerund forms (-ing) while to cook is an infinitive form. Revised for parallelism, the sentence could read either “I like hiking, skiing, and cooking” or “I like to hike, to ski, and to cook.” As a stylistic technique, parallelism can provide emphasis through repetition for example, “Walk groundly, talk profoundly, drink roundly, sleep soundly” (William Hazlitt). Parallelism is also a powerful oratorical technique: “Until justice is blind to color until education is unaware of race until opportunity is unconcerned with the color of men’s skins, emancipation will be a proclamation but not a fact” (Lyndon B. Johnson). Finally, parallelism can increase coherence within a paragraph or an essay.

Paraphrase means the restatement of another person’s words in one’s own words, following the order and emphasis of the original. Paraphrasing is frequently used in source-based papers, where the purpose is to use information gathered during research to support the ideas in the paper. For example, Bruce Catton’s “Grant was the modern man emerging; beyond him, ready to come on the stage, was the great age of steel and machinery, of crowded cities and a restless burgeoning vitality”

What is Plagiarism? Plagiarism means presenting the words or ideas of someone else as if they were one’s own whether intentionally or unintentionally. Plagiarism should always be avoided.

Define free-writing: Freewriting is like brainstorming. It is simply exploring your ideas through writing. When you free-write, you write whatever comes into your mind on the topic.  You write without stopping.  Most of the freewriting exercises are of short duration around five or ten minutes. When you free write, you need not worry about the formal structures, mechanics, or grammar. Free writing is the practice of combining the creation of words with the placing of those words on a piece of paper. It is possible to do the task in a short amount of time, regardless of consistency. There is no need to be concerned with spelling, grammar, or other such problems. When we are liberated, we are free to express ourselves in whatever way comes to mind. Regular free writing helps to break the built-in habit of editing when you're working on something new. It will allow you to write more freely. No matter what we write for ourselves alone, without sharing our work with others, we are still writing for ourselves. It will be useful in our planning. Our writing skills increase as a result of constant relaxation.